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大家知道全世界各个国家地区的电压标准不一致，导致会出现本国电器无法在其它地区电压条件下使用等一系列麻烦。你有没有想过科技如此发达的今天，为什么全球电压标准不是一致的？</p>
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那么今天就给大家科普一下这背后的原因，以及介绍相应的应对策略。</p>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(255, 251, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">全球电压标准盘点</span></p>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(172, 57, 255);">100V</span></p>
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日本、 朝鲜</p>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(172, 57, 255);">110～130V</span></p>
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美国、加拿大、巴拿马、古巴、黎巴嫩、墨西哥等及中国台湾地区</p>
<p style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(172, 57, 255);">220～230V</span></p>
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英国、德国、法国、中国、新加坡、意大利、西班牙、希腊、奥地利、荷兰、菲律、泰国、挪威、新加坡、印度、纽西兰、澳洲等</p>
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（当然，采用220～230V电压的国家里，也有视地区需要并用110～130V电压的情形，如瑞典、俄罗斯。）</p>
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原来，世界上用220V交流电的国家还是挺多的。但是，问题还没有完：为什么我国不和美国一样，使用110V的交流电呢？小伙伴的想法一般是：电压低一点，貌似安全一点啊。</p>
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说到电力，这个要追溯到历史上那场经典的交直流大战，得从那两位男主角说起。在电力使用的早期，<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">爱迪生发明了直流电，旗下通用电力公司首先在美国采用110V电压为客户供给直流电。随后，特斯拉发明了3相的240V交流电，但出于安全考虑他也把电压降低到了110V。</strong></span>由于具备远距离传输损耗更小等优势，他的交流电体系最终打败爱迪生的直流电，在西屋电气公司的资助下成为了美国的供电标准。</p>
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商用交流电大获成功之后，欧洲迅速引进。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">后因110V电压较低，传输同等功率的电力时电流大，用铜多，电网传输损耗较大，所以就将电压规格翻倍为220V。</span>由于技术改造相对最简单，时处二战后的欧洲还没有太多的电力设施和用电设备，成本并不是很大，于是欧洲国家就形成了220V/50Hz的交流电网标准。</p>
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后来，美国也考虑改用220V的市电标准，但此时家庭中适配110V电压的家用电器增多，如果强行更改电压规格，不仅会淘汰大量现役电器和设备造成浪费，也会搞的怨声载道，所以已经错过了最佳时机。最终的妥协方案是：220V电力进入家庭后再分为110V来给电器供电。</p>
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至于中国，半殖民时期交流电网并没有统一的标准;</p>
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大家知道，旧中国生产力低下、经济不行，能减少一点损耗、减少一点铜等金属的消耗，当然是很好的，220V容易被供电运营商接受。清光绪十六年（1890）上海开始使用白炽灯，电压为100V，光绪二十七年（1901）上海公共租界开始日夜供电，电压改为200V。</p>
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1930年9月12日，国民政府以建设委员会会令形式公布中国第一个电压频率标准，规定220V和50Hz作为中国的标准电压和标准频率。</p>
<p style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">建国后电网建设遵照苏联标准，而苏联采用的也是欧洲标准，于是220V/50Hz最终成为中国的电网标准。</span>由于历史遗留原因，东北地区及上海的部分原租界地区用的仍是110V电压标准，直到上世纪60年代后期，才慢慢统一为220V电压。</p>
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除了110V和220V，全球范围内各个国家还有100V、200V、230V等诸多不同电压标准，但国际主流电压还是220V与110V。</p>
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那么，110V的电比220V的电要安全一点吗？</h1>
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原则上，越低的电压自然安全性越高。有人计算过，在对人体产生病生理反应甚至致命性的危害的时间上，110V需要的时间确实要长于220伏，差个100ms左右……但实际上，110V和220V都大大超出了安全电压的范围。此外，在触电的时候，真正决定安全性的是经过的电流大小，所以是否发生危险，更取决于触电环境。</p>
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另外一个小伙伴非常关心的问题是：</p>
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一些常用电器带到国外去用，会不会因为电压差异而产生问题呢？</p>
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<img _width="100%" crossorigin="anonymous" data-backh="337" data-backw="556" data-before-oversubscription-url="https://mmbiz.qlogo.cn/mmbiz_jpg/nBgWSvdgG1l6iciazZhiaHssgbZmCBXdeX5EKIiaIjXISZYic21SMYz5D7ibhCCoUhk4dj0fIibEQqPMSWRR6oyePTOKw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qlogo.cn/mmbiz_jpg/nBgWSvdgG1l6iciazZhiaHssgbZmCBXdeX5T2WBAZYEmjNqLicZBcj9HrADP1BoyejWKicrY1FFsVDswBEEEicK4r9bA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="640" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="387.9136690647482" data-fail="0" data-ratio="0.60625" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/nBgWSvdgG1l6iciazZhiaHssgbZmCBXdeX5EKIiaIjXISZYic21SMYz5D7ibhCCoUhk4dj0fIibEQqPMSWRR6oyePTOKw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" src="/inc/uploads/ckeditor/20190705193154661.jpg" style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border-style: none; display: block; width: 381px; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: 227px; visibility: visible !important;" /></p>
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同属一种电压体系的普通电器带到国外去用，电压一般不会有问题，因为大部分的电器都有20%的电压浮动范围如电炉，电饭锅等，因为即便在国内有时的电压最高也可达250V，因此230V的电压只是让他们加热得更快，没有多大问题。</p>
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对那些电压要求严格和价格比较昂贵的电器，即便同属一种电压体系，如果电压不同还是建议要使用旅游变压器，以免烧毁电器或影响电器的使用寿命。</p>
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如果高电压电器带到低电压的国家去，如中国用220V的电器带到美国110V的环境下，一般情况下是不能使用的，即便勉强能用往往也是苟延残喘或如老牛拉车一样使用功能大打折扣。</p>
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不过，在全球化的背景下，一些机灵的国际化企业可能注意到了各国电压上的差异，因此，设计的很多电器本身有适配电压的，即可以适合110~240V的电压，如海尔彩电的浮动范围都标有：交流90~260伏，50Hz，所以在90~260V的电压下都可照常使用。</p>
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当然，如果您经常出国，一般旅行社都建议大家出国自备旅游转换插头和旅游变压器。</p>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-weight: 700;">110V的电器在国内使用的正确姿势</span></p>
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<img alt="" src="/inc/uploads/ckeditor/20190705193255540.jpg" style="width: 388px; height: 236px;" /></p>
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手机、笔记本等电器兼容全球电压，那是因为它们的用电功率较小，一个小体积的适配器就能实现变压的作用，所以只需要接上插头转换器就能全球通用。</p>
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而吹风机、电饭锅等大功率电器就不行了<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">，<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; word-wrap: break-word !important;">如果要做到兼容全球电压，适配器体积势必会相当庞大，而这显然</span></span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; word-wrap: break-word !important;">是不现实的，所以市面上的大功率电器电压都是固定的</span>，与本地区电压标准保持一致</strong>。</span></p>
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既然不同国家电压标准不一致也无法做到一致，那通过海淘等途径带回国的大功率电器就要特别注意了，否则你辛辛苦苦带回来结果瞬间就烧坏。像110V这样低电压的电器，你必须借助电源变压器才能在国内使用。</p>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 240, 245);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> 声明：本文来自个人，KRECO公司拥有最终解释权！ </span></span></p>
